工作内容
时装设计师(Fashion designers)通过对服装、首饰、鞋类的重新组合,利用素描设计、材料样式的筛选告诉人们如何搭配服饰。
职责要求
- 研究时尚
- 确立主题
- 素描设计
- 灵活运用CAD电脑设计
- 参加时装设计展
- 精心搭配首饰与服装
- 注重团队协作精神
- 善于表达个人观点和理解
- 市场调研
- 监督最终设计产品*(4)
技术要求
- 专业技能(Artistic ability)
- 清晰的市场分析能力(Market analysis)
- 时尚达人(Fashionistas)
- 审美独特(Detail-oriented)
- 创新思维(Creativity)
- 计算机知识(CAD)(Computer skills)
- 时效性(Timeliness)
- 国际化能力(Global capabilities)
- 人际沟通能力(Communication skills)
- 决策能力(Decision-making skills)*(3)
工作环境
时装设计师可在批发或制造场、服装公司、零售商、戏剧或舞蹈公司、设计公司工作。以美国为例不难看出,大部分时装设计师多从事批发及制造行业。其中30%的时装设计师是自雇经营,因此,很多大家耳熟能详的知名品牌却没有几个人知道背后设计师的名字。
时装设计师的工作地点大多不固定,因为常年大多在外地捕获最时尚潮流和信息。在美国,像纽约、洛杉矶这样的大城市多是时装设计师的首选,2010年美国劳工局数据显示超过75%带薪时装设计师以纽约和加州居多。*(5)
行业 | 行业 | 从业人数 | 千分比‰ | 薪资/h | 薪资/年 |
Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers | 服装批发 | 6,140 | 4.35 | $33.91 | $70,530.00 |
Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing | 裁剪与缝制服装制造业 | 3,580 | 2.87 | $35.16 | $73,140.00 |
Management of Companies and Enterprises | 企业管理 | 2,740 | 0.14 | $41.78 | $86,900.00 |
Specialized Design Services | 专业设计服务业 | 1,190 | 1.02 | $35.11 | $73,030.00 |
Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers | 批发电子市场、代理人与经纪人 | 460 | 0.05 | $31.02 | $64,520.00 |
Motion Picture and Video Industries | 影视业 | 330 | 0 | $39.25 | $81,640 |
Footwear Manufacturing | 鞋类制造业 | 220 | 2 | $35.67 | $74,190 |
*(1)
入行门槛
时装设计师需要清晰的市场分析能力和敏锐的洞察力,不但需要紧跟潮流而且还要有预见未来服装趋势的眼光和头脑;并独有结合周边的环境、文化、事物以及别具一格的服装设计的审美和发现美的眼光。
时装设计师无需本科及以上文凭,高中毕业即可;但大部分的时装设计师在进入行业前已经学习了2-4年专业知识获得副学士或本科学位并熟练掌握了电脑制图软件技术(CAD)。
全国艺术设计学校协会(The National Association of Schools of Art and Design, NASAD)为全美300多所职业学校、大学和独立院校提供认证。欲攻读服装设计专业的学生,最好选择被该协会认证的学校。
刚毕业的学生通常在进入正式岗位工作前会进行为期不定的实习或助理工作,逐渐累计经验和实践知识。经过长时间的实习工作经验累计到一定程度可视个人条件提升至首席设计师或管理岗位。经验足够丰富的设计师还可自立品牌。*(3)
就业展望与薪资
虽然,未来十年内整个行业的增幅也不是很大,只有3%,但服装设计行业却无一点变化,对于刚毕业的大学生而言,整个服装市场处于饱和和持平状态,供需紧张就业压力大。因此,具备高等专业学位,优秀作品和相关行业经验的就业较具优势。*(6)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 7,440 | 0.83 | 6 | $38.27 | $79,610 |
California | 6,180 | 0.4 | 2.89 | $34.99 | $72,780 |
Texas | 600 | 0.05 | 0.38 | $26.97 | $56,090.00 |
Florida | 390 | 0.05 | 0.36 | $27.70 | $57,610 |
New Jersey | 320 | 0.08 | 0.6 | $30.27 | $62,950.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 7,440 | 0.83 | 6 | $38.27 | $79,610 |
California | 6,180 | 0.4 | 2.89 | $34.99 | $72,780 |
Kansas | 230 | 0.17 | 1.22 | $30.51 | $63,460.00 |
New Hampshire | 90 | 0.14 | 1 | - | - |
Maine | 70 | 0.13 | 0.91 | $34.15 | $71,030.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 7,150 | 1.1 | 8 | $38.16 | $79,370 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 4,020 | 0.98 | 7.09 | $36.63 | $76,200 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 600 | 0.4 | 2.86 | $31.76 | $66,060 |
Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division | 330 | 0.26 | 1.89 | $31.48 | $65,470 |
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA | 330 | 0.25 | 1.78 | $33.74 | $70,190 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 240 | 0.14 | 1 | $43.31 | $90,080 |
Kansas City, MO-KS | 240 | 0.23 | 1.68 | $27.05 | $56,270 |
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Division | 230 | 0.21 | 1.56 | $38.01 | $79,060 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 190 | 0.08 | 0.58 | $28.05 | $58,340 |
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | 180 | 0.14 | 1 | $23.34 | $48,550 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 7,150 | 1.1 | 8 | $38.16 | $79,370 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 4,020 | 0.98 | 7.09 | $36.63 | $76,200 |
Portsmouth, NH-ME | 60 | 0.67 | 4.87 | $37.42 | $77,830 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 600 | 0.4 | 2.86 | $31.76 | $66,060 |
Boulder, CO | 60 | 0.37 | 2.65 | $29.52 | $61,410 |
Portland-South Portland, ME | 70 | 0.34 | 2.43 | $34.17 | $71,070 |
Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division | 330 | 0.26 | 1.89 | $31.48 | $65,470 |
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA | 330 | 0.25 | 1.78 | $33.74 | $70,190 |
Kansas City, MO-KS | 240 | 0.23 | 1.68 | $27.05 | $56,270 |
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Division | 230 | 0.21 | 1.56 | $38.01 | $79,060 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 7,300 | 1 | 6.73 | $38.11 | $79,270.00 |
California | 5,020 | 0 | 2.76 | $33.89 | $70,490.00 |
Texas | 490 | 0 | 0.37 | $27.85 | $57,920.00 |
Ohio | 390 | 0 | 0.61 | $35.14 | $73,100.00 |
New Jersey | 380 | 0 | 0.78 | $29.40 | $61,160.00 |
产业最集中州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 7,300 | 1 | 7 | $38.11 | $79,270 |
California | 5,020 | 0 | 3 | $33.89 | $70,490 |
Vermont | 40 | 0.13 | 1.05 | $28.92 | $60,160.00 |
New Jersey | 380 | 0.1 | 0.78 | $29.40 | $61,160.00 |
Oregon | 140 | 0 | 0.69 | $28.08 | $58,420.00 |
注:Location quotient:产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
参考资料
(1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 27-1022 Fashion Designers U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Fashion Designers, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Fashion Designers, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Fashion Designers, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Fashion Designers, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Fashion Designers, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics