工作内容
展览设计师(Set and exhibit designers)主要根据产品定位选择陈列的展品、手工或艺术品,设计一套优秀的展台不仅让观众记忆深刻而且能够充分的体现自己公司的文化特色。
职责要求——
- 制定产品设计
- 具体细节协商
- 确定目标用户
- 手工绘图或电脑绘图
- 预计成本
- 设计展馆
展馆设计师在进行整体设计前,需要考虑的因素包括:故事发生的历史背景、地点、季节等;灯光、空间大小、目标群体;而博物馆和贸易展会需要更多的互动和整体多媒体效果,例如:音响等。展会不是仅仅几张海报,是科技发展的结果。展馆设计师需要给目标群体传达一种理念。
展馆设计师种类——
- 现场戏剧表演展览设计师(Live theatrical performance set designers)
- 影视展览设计师(Television or movie set designers)
- 电视节目展览设计师(Television studio set designers)
- 贸易展览设计师(Trade show or convention exhibit designers )
- 展馆设计师(Exhibit designers )*(4)
工作环境
展馆设计师不同于其他设计师,工作跳动性很大;大部分展览设计师不会长久的呆在一家公司,长时期间会选择好几家公司。
展览设计师为私人工作情况下,工资往往会双方协商制定;针对正式大型公司工作的设计师而言,薪资会按期支付。展馆设计师通常受雇于博物馆且签订劳动合同制。相对小型美术馆受雇设计师是不定期的,通常是自雇经营模式。
大部分从事影视戏剧行业的设计师大都属于国际戏剧舞台职工联盟(International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees, IATSE)*(5)
Industry | Employment | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage | |
Motion Picture and Video Industries | 影视业 | 2,010 | 0.56 | 33.05 | 68,740.00 |
Performing Arts Companies | 演艺公司 | 1,050 | 0.90 | 17.71 | 36,830.00 |
Museums, Historical Sites, and Similar Institutions | 博物馆、历史古迹等相关机构 | 930 | 0.69 | 24.46 | 50,880.00 |
Other Support Services | 其他赞助行业 | 650 | 0.23 | 28.08 | 58,400.00 |
Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers | 独立艺术家、作家及演员 | 370 | 0.76 | 20.61 | 42,880.00 |
Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events | 艺体活动发起人 | 340 | 0.34 | $21.52 | 44,770.00 |
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) | 联邦政府 | 320 | 0.02 | $32.88 | 68,400.00 |
Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing | 医疗设备制造 | 50 | 0.02 | $30.95 | 64,380.00 |
Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services | 管理、科学及技术咨询 | -8 | -8.00 | $29.59 | 61,540.00 |
Employment Services | 就业服务 | -8 | -8.00 | $28.65 | 59,590.00 |
*(1)
入行门槛
通常展览设计师文化水平最低需本科及以上学位。
虽然大部分展览设计师从事于展馆设计,但初学者最先掌握的是表演技能。
全国艺术设计学校协会(The National Association of Schools of Art and Design, NASAD)为全美300多所职业学校、大学和独立院校提供认证。欲攻读平面设计专业的学生,最好选择被该协会认证的学校。美国戏剧学校协会
(National Association of Schools of Theatre, NAST )认可全美开设的150多项戏剧艺术专业课程。
个人能力——
- 计算机技术(Computer skills)
- 创新意识(Creativity)
- 解决问题的能力(Problem-solving skills)
- 团队协作精神(Teamwork)*(3)
就业展望与薪资
以美国为例,展览设计师的博物馆设计职位在未来十年可增长17%;随着私立博物馆的发展,该职业未来要求的数量也会越来越多;未来自雇经营的设计师相较长期设计师更加吃香,因为,前者相对更经济实惠。*(6)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 2,910 | 0.19 | 2.17 | $28.96 | $60,240 |
New York | 2,050 | 0.23 | 2.63 | $31.31 | $65,120 |
Texas | 690 | 0.06 | 0.69 | $18.70 | $38,900.00 |
Minnesota | 440 | 0.16 | 1.85 | $26.82 | $55,780 |
Florida | 400 | 0.05 | 0.58 | $18.87 | $39,240.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 200 | 0.3 | 3.42 | $32.40 | $67,400 |
New York | 2,050 | 0.23 | 2.63 | $31.31 | $65,120 |
Oregon | 330 | 0.19 | 2.2 | $31.87 | $66,290.00 |
California | 2,910 | 0.19 | 2.17 | $28.96 | $60,240 |
New Mexico | 150 | 0.18 | 2.1 | $26.07 | $54,230.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 2,140 | 0.52 | 6.04 | $29.79 | $61,970 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 1,750 | 0.27 | 3.13 | $31.64 | $65,820 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 430 | 0.23 | 2.63 | $26.67 | $55,470 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 350 | 0.14 | 1.66 | $29.96 | $62,320 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 310 | 0.09 | 0.99 | $24.40 | $50,750 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 230 | 0.1 | 1.14 | $23.28 | $48,420 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 180 | 0.12 | 1.35 | - | - |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 160 | 0.05 | 0.61 | $18.42 | $38,310 |
Oklahoma City, OK | 150 | 0.24 | 2.83 | $17.05 | $35,470 |
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA | 140 | 0.1 | 1.16 | $20.49 | $42,620 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 2,140 | 0.52 | 6.04 | $29.79 | $61,970 |
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT | 110 | 0.27 | 3.09 | - | - |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 1,750 | 0.27 | 3.13 | $31.64 | $65,820 |
Toledo, OH | 80 | 0.26 | 2.95 | - | - |
Oklahoma City, OK | 150 | 0.24 | 2.83 | $17.05 | $35,470 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 430 | 0.23 | 2.63 | $26.67 | $55,470 |
Lancaster, PA | 40 | 0.18 | 2.12 | $20.30 | $42,220 |
Albuquerque, NM | 70 | 0.18 | 2.12 | $27.97 | $58,170 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 350 | 0.14 | 1.66 | $29.96 | $62,320 |
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division | 70 | 0.12 | 1.35 | $29.47 | $61,290 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州:
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 2,760 | 0.19 | 2.89 | $27.94 | $58,110 |
New York | 880 | 0.1 | 1.54 | $38.36 | $79,790 |
Texas | 560 | 0.05 | 0.8 | $23.18 | $48,220 |
Georgia | 330 | 0.09 | 1.31 | $20.76 | $43,180 |
Florida | 290 | 0.04 | 0.6 | $18.31 | $38,090 |
*(1)
产业最集中州:
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New Mexico | 150 | 0.2 | 2.94 | $24.82 | $51,630 |
District of Columbia | 120 | 0.19 | 2.86 | $33.20 | $69,050 |
California | 2,760 | 0.19 | 2.89 | $27.94 | $58,110 |
Oregon | 170 | 0.11 | 1.59 | $26.01 | $54,100 |
Utah | 120 | 0.1 | 1.48 | $16.08 | $33,440 |
*(1)
注:Location quotient:产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
参考资料
(1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 27-1027 Set and Exhibit Designers U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Set and exhibit designers, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Set and exhibit designers, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Set and exhibit designers, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Set and exhibit designers, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Set and exhibit designers, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics