编辑(Editors)主要是为各种媒体(以出版物为主)在出版前进行的包括文字、图像、录音、录像、多媒体生成处理,和制作审核、校对的一项职业。
工作内容
编辑工作的主要负责人为主编或总编辑(总编);职位不同编辑具体负责的工作任务也有所不同。
职责要求——
- 阅读校对
- 重新编辑
- 引用参考文献
- 评估出版物
- 与作者协作完成
- 根据出版风格调整内容
- 架构故事
- 穿插文本、图片和插画
- 最后修正
编辑职业种类——
- 文字编辑(Copy editors)主要是从事文字校对工作
- 出版助理(Publication assistants)
- 执行编辑(Executive editors)
- 助理编辑(Assistant editors)
- 高级编辑(Managing editors)主要从事新闻专业(杂志、新闻出版、电视广播等)人员的高级职务*(3)
工作环境
编辑从事行业表 *(1)
Industry | Employment | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage | |
Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers | 图书出版业(报纸、期刊、杂志等) | 56,320 | 12.23 | $30.02 | $62,440 |
Other Information Services | 其他信息服务业 | 5,590 | 3.29 | $30.87 | $64,200 |
Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations | 商业、政治、劳工或类似专业机构 | 4,170 | 0.99 | $30.18 | $62,760 |
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | 高等教育 | 3,370 | 0.12 | $26.60 | $55,320 |
Motion Picture and Video Industries | 影视业 | 3,330 | 0.93 | $35.55 | $73,940 |
Radio and Television Broadcasting | 广播电视业 | 3,110 | 1.45 | $26.74 | $55,620 |
Software Publishers | 软件发行商 | 1,000 | 0.35 | $41.86 | $87,060 |
Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) | 无线电信运营商(除卫星) | 70 | 0.04 | $39.08 | $81,280 |
Offices of Physicians | 诊所医师 | 80 | -7 | $37.42 | $77,840 |
Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities | 股票及保险代理 | 50 | 0.01 | $37.35 | $77,690 |
Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing | 航空产品及其零部件制造 | 130 | 0.03 | $36.09 | $75,060 |
以美国为例,编辑职业从事最多的行业即图书出版业,全美产业相对集中。编辑大部分时间在办公室工作,使用的工具包括:笔记本、电子出版软件、浏览器及其他电子通信设备。工作对象主要集中于媒体及娱乐市场,以美国为例,主要集中于波士顿、芝加哥、洛杉矶、纽约、华盛顿特区等。通常,正式编辑工作压力很大,日程安排严谨,有具体的工作周期和截止日期。自由撰写编辑工作环境相对于正式编辑不固定且压力更大。*(4)
入行门槛
编辑从业要求:本科及以上学历传媒、英语、新闻专业,灵活掌握计算机及其他通信设备。毕业生具备专业的写作功底及相关行业基本知识及技能,如:时尚编辑。编辑可在高中或大学编辑部、杂志社、广播站、广告公司或其他非营利性机构从事相关工作。大部分编辑最开始从事的工作类型有写作或记者。
除了文字编辑外,大部分长官管理层岗位的编辑需要掌握相关公司运营的知识,可以在公司里有进一步的提升。文字编辑可以进一步提升自己的文字功底努力成为一名自由撰稿人。
专业技能要求——
- 创新意识(Creativity)
- 决断能力(Decision-making skills)
- 注重细节(Detail oriented)
- 人际交往能力(Interpersonal skills)
- 语言技巧(Language skills)
- 写作技巧(Writing skills)*(5)
就业展望与薪资
编辑职业行业薪资一览:*(1)
图书出版业(报纸、期刊、杂志等) | $62,440 |
其他信息服务业 | $64,200 |
商业、政治、劳工或类似专业机构 | $62,760 |
高等教育 | $55,320 |
影视业 | $73,940 |
广播电视业 | $55,620 |
软件发行商 | $87,060 |
无线电信运营商(除卫星) | $81,280 |
诊所医师 | $77,840 |
股票及保险代理 | $77,690 |
航空产品及其零部件制造 | $75,060 |
以美国为例,综合整体行业未来十年的增幅来看,编辑职业几乎无变化;尽管互联网的编辑需求量有所增长,但传统报纸杂志期刊的需求量正在日渐萎缩,整体造成了很大的影响。
由于传统出版行业的没落,未来编辑职业的就业压力会日剧激烈;随着互联网时代的到来,从事编辑工作的人员除具备基本功外,还需掌握计算机相关技术、电子与数码工具,在未来更具优势;而在此竞争大背景下,校对编辑职业会日渐增长。*(6)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 19,520 | 2.17 | 3.1 | $38.62 | $80,340 |
California | 9,920 | 0.64 | 0.91 | $35.28 | $73,390 |
Texas | 5,050 | 0.44 | 0.62 | $26.85 | $55,840.00 |
Illinois | 4,760 | 0.81 | 1.16 | $27.57 | $57,350 |
Florida | 4,620 | 0.58 | 0.83 | $31.41 | $65,330.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 2,900 | 4.29 | 6.12 | $40.37 | $83,980 |
New York | 19,520 | 2.17 | 3.1 | $38.62 | $80,340 |
Minnesota | 3,010 | 1.08 | 1.55 | $27.86 | $57,940.00 |
Massachusetts | 3,510 | 1.03 | 1.47 | $35.75 | $74,370 |
Virginia | 3,260 | 0.89 | 1.26 | $34.61 | $71,990.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 17,920 | 2.77 | 3.95 | $40.03 | $83,270 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,880 | 2.02 | 2.88 | $39.17 | $81,470 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 4,060 | 0.99 | 1.41 | $37.08 | $77,140 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 3,710 | 1.04 | 1.48 | $28.17 | $58,580 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 2,770 | 1.57 | 2.24 | $37.23 | $77,450 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 2,520 | 1.34 | 1.91 | $29.10 | $60,520 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 1,540 | 0.62 | 0.88 | $23.57 | $49,030 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 1,420 | 0.93 | 1.32 | $34.23 | $71,190 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 1,310 | 1.28 | 1.83 | $39.75 | $82,680 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 1,150 | 0.49 | 0.71 | $28.99 | $60,290 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Charlottesville, VA | 520 | 4.98 | 7.1 | $33.38 | $69,420 |
Greenville, NC | 210 | 2.87 | 4.1 | $18.71 | $38,920 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 17,920 | 2.77 | 3.95 | $40.03 | $83,270 |
Ithaca, NY | 100 | 2.06 | 2.94 | $27.75 | $57,720 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,880 | 2.02 | 2.88 | $39.17 | $81,470 |
Boulder, CO | 340 | 2 | 2.86 | $35.24 | $73,300 |
Iowa City, IA | 150 | 1.67 | 2.39 | $20.41 | $42,440 |
Columbia, MO | 150 | 1.61 | 2.3 | $26.07 | $54,230 |
Lawrence, KS | 80 | 1.6 | 2.28 | $22.06 | $45,890 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 2,770 | 1.57 | 2.24 | $37.23 | $77,450 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 20,290 | 2.37 | 3.12 | $38.28 | $79,610 |
California | 11,030 | 0.77 | 1.01 | $30.16 | $62,740 |
Texas | 4,740 | 0.45 | 0.59 | $25.40 | $52,830 |
Illinois | 4,700 | 0.83 | 1.1 | $25.53 | $53,090 |
Massachusetts | 4,100 | 1.28 | 1.69 | $34.19 | $71,110 |
产业最集中州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 2,420 | 3.7 | 4.86 | $38.64 | $80,370 |
New York | 20,290 | 2.37 | 3.12 | $38.28 | $79,610 |
Massachusetts | 4,100 | 1.28 | 1.69 | $34.19 | $71,110 |
Minnesota | 3,280 | 1.24 | 1.63 | $27.61 | $57,430 |
New Jersey | 3,620 | 0.95 | 1.26 | $32.72 | $68,060 |
参考资料
(1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 27 -3041 Editors U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Editors, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Editors, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Editors, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Editors, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Editors, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics