工作内容
物流师(Logisticians)分析及调度企业的供应链——也即将产品从供应商转移至消费者手中的全部过程。物流师管理产品的整个生命周期,包括产品的获得、分布、分配及运输。*(5)
工作职责
- 拓展企业与供应商及客户的商业关系;
- 了解客户需求并寻找满足要求的办法;
- 主导材料、供应及成品的分配及布局;
- 设计最优化的运输路线、方法及方式,最大化减少运输成本;
- 审视既有物流方法,并提出改进方案;
- 向经理及客户提供相关咨询;
- 紧跟时代,寻找并引入新型物流技术。
产品的采购、航运及运输、库存,仓储和交付都离不开物流。物流师通常需要使用复杂的软件,以计算并确定最优的物流方案。
物流师主要在办公室办公。工作压力较大,因为物流的节奏通常较快,遇到问题便需及时解决。有的物流师经常需要造访工厂、仓库等地,处理相关问题或收集相关信息。*(6)
入行门槛
物流师并不要求有相关的注册认证,但一般需要1-5年的工作经验。一般说来副学士学位的毕业生,也可以从事物流师的工作,但随着物流行业的发展,物流环境越来越趋于复杂化,越来越多的公司逐渐倾向于招收本科以上学历的申请者。一般金融学、工业工程、或物流管理专业的本科或硕士毕业生都可以满足要求。
美国与物流师认证相关的两个机构是:
- 美国运输及物流学会(American Society of Transportation and Logistics,ASTL)
- 国际物流学会(International Society of Logistics,SOLE)
物流师的重要技能与品质:
- 沟通能力(Communication skills)
- 批判性思维能力(Critical-thinking skills)
- 组织能力(Organizational skills)
- 解决问题能力(Problem-solving skills)
就业展望与薪资
物流师目前属于一种需求量中等的职业,以美国为例,美国2015年物流师从业人数为133,770人,预计十年内将增加2%。物流师主要供职于制造业、零售及批发业(如电商)以及政府部门。
物流师薪水相对较高,以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局2015年5月公布的数据,美国物流师平均年薪$77,470,高于商业与金融行业的平均水准。而按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,商业与金融行业平均年薪为$60,670,而物流师当年的平均年薪为$70,800。*(1) *(7)
物流师未来职业岗位的增长速度非常快。以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)物流师的岗位数预计增加2,500人,预期增幅2%,达到132,900人。该职业增长预期低于美国全行业平均预期增幅(7%),以及全体商业与金融行业预期增幅(7%)。*(3)
美国物流师从业行业及薪水列表:
行业 | 行业英文名 | 从业人数 | 比例(‰) | 时新 | 年薪 |
联邦行政机构 | Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) | 26,620 | 1.30 | $39.22 | $81,570 |
公司与企业管理 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | 11,240 | 0.56 | $35.17 | $73,160 |
飞机及其零部件生产 | Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing | 10,360 | 2.10 | $37.08 | $77,130 |
管理、科学及技术咨询 | Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services | 7,810 | 0.71 | $33.82 | $70,340 |
计算机系统及其相关服务 | Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 5,330 | 0.33 | $38.47 | $80,010 |
*(1)
注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 15,030 | 0.97 | 1 | $41.39 | $86,090 |
Texas | 12,710 | 1.1 | 1.13 | $38.86 | $80,820 |
Michigan | 6,610 | 1.59 | 1.64 | $38.82 | $80,740 |
Virginia | 6,250 | 1.7 | 1.75 | $42.19 | $87,760 |
Ohio | 6,080 | 1.15 | 1.19 | $34.50 | $71,760 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 1,370 | 2.02 | 2.09 | $48.77 | $101,440 |
Washington | 5,750 | 1.93 | 1.99 | Estimate not released | Estimate not released |
Alabama | 3,520 | 1.87 | 1.93 | $40.74 | $84,730 |
Maryland | 4,480 | 1.73 | 1.78 | $42.91 | $89,250 |
Virginia | 6,250 | 1.7 | 1.75 | $42.19 | $87,760 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,900 | 2.03 | 2.09 | $47.50 | $98,800 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 4,320 | 1.47 | 1.52 | $43.18 | $89,820 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 3,690 | 0.57 | 0.59 | $37.82 | $78,660 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,670 | 0.89 | 0.92 | $41.11 | $85,520 |
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI Metropolitan Division | 3,340 | 2.85 | 2.94 | $39.37 | $81,900 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 3,110 | 1.34 | 1.38 | $35.82 | $74,510 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 2,880 | 0.81 | 0.83 | $30.78 | $64,030 |
Huntsville, AL | 2,640 | 12.35 | 12.73 | $42.98 | $89,390 |
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA | 2,220 | 1.64 | 1.69 | $40.19 | $83,600 |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 2,180 | 1.66 | 1.71 | $41.31 | $85,920 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California-Lexington Park, MD | 1,080 | 24.74 | 25.51 | $49.92 | $103,830 |
Warner Robins, GA | 1,250 | 18.47 | 19.04 | $36.09 | $75,060 |
Huntsville, AL | 2,640 | 12.35 | 12.73 | $42.98 | $89,390 |
New Bern, NC | 300 | 7.05 | 7.27 | $36.17 | $75,240 |
Battle Creek, MI | 360 | 6.5 | 6.7 | $44.36 | $92,260 |
Ogden-Clearfield, UT | 1,140 | 4.87 | 5.02 | $36.06 | $75,000 |
Albany, GA | 280 | 4.81 | 4.96 | $38.62 | $80,340 |
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ | 140 | 4.25 | 4.38 | $37.12 | $77,210 |
Fayetteville, NC | 490 | 3.92 | 4.04 | $39.35 | $81,850 |
Bremerton-Silverdale, WA | 270 | 3.27 | 3.37 | $36.54 | $76,010 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 13,530 | 0.95 | 1.03 | $39.30 | $81,750 |
Texas | 11,200 | 1.06 | 1.15 | $38.70 | $80,500 |
Washington | 6,740 | 2.44 | 2.66 | $40.21 | $83,630 |
Virginia | 6,320 | 1.76 | 1.92 | $40.51 | $84,260 |
Pennsylvania | 5,930 | 1.06 | 1.15 | $34.99 | $72,780 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Washington | 6,740 | 2.44 | 2.66 | $40.21 | $83,630 |
Alabama | 3,880 | 2.13 | 2.32 | $39.29 | $81,720 |
Maryland | 4,540 | 1.81 | 1.97 | $41.23 | $85,750 |
Virginia | 6,320 | 1.76 | 1.92 | $40.51 | $84,260 |
District of Columbia | 960 | 1.47 | 1.60 | $46.54 | $96,810 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
参考资料:
(1) Logisticians US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Logisticians-Summary US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Logisticians-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Logisticians- How to Become a Logistician US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Logisticians- What Logisticians Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Logisticians- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7) Logisticians-Pay US Bureau of Labor Statistics