工作内容
平面设计师(Graphic Designers)主要是从事广告设计、市场营销、图书出版等工作。利用绘图或电脑软件等工具并大胆的选色、精美的图片、产品logo设计等方面,向消费者传达自己的产品设计理念,从而达到鼓励、激发和俘获消费者购买心理和诉求。*(5)
职责要求
- 确定产品方向
- 指定用户群,拟定战略方向
- 设计理念
- 图片设计
- 设计与logo、网站一致的图表、视频影像资料
- 确定工具:绘图还是电脑软件
- 选色、图片、文本格式、布局
- 成品展示
- 与客户做最后协商
- 后续工作:打印前的修复定稿工作*(5)
技术要求
- 专业能力(Artistic ability)
- 沟通能力(Communication skills)
- 计算机技能(Computer skills)
- 创造力(Creativity)
- 团队协作精神(Teamwork)
- 时间管理(Time-management skills)*(3)
工作环境
工作/行业岗位一览
主要从事岗位/行业 | 千分比‰ |
专业设计服务行业(Specialized design services) | 21.6 |
图书出版业(Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers) | 5.09 |
广告、公关及其相关行业(Advertising, public relations, and related services) | 4.77 |
印刷业(Printing and related support activities) | 3.5 |
其他(制造业)(Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing) | 2.84 |
平面设计师大多有自己的工作室,配备有相关的桌子、电脑与常用软件工具;因为平面设计工作需与客户大量的接触,工作范围也可遍布全球,因此,平面设计师的工作方式不固定:有的是独立工作,有的要团队协作完成,而有些则需远程办公。
大部分平面设计师需是全职工作,但有时也会根据工作量和时间做相应的调整(根据2010年调查数据统计,约29%的平面设计师选择自雇经营,工作时间不固定,晚上和周末都会加班,且要在项目寻找方面花费大量的时间成本)。*(6)
入行门槛
平面设计师通常要求平面设计专业或其相关专业本科以上学位,其它专业的毕业生经过一定的技能培训也可以进入该岗位领域。
全国艺术设计学校协会(The National Association of Schools of Art and Design, NASAD)为全美300多所职业学校、大学和独立院校提供认证。欲攻读平面设计专业的学生,最好选择被该协会认证的学校。
刚毕业学生具备1-3年的工作经验,视个人能力可进一步提升至总设计师、艺术总监或其他相关主管职位。*(3)
就业展望与薪资
按美国劳工统计局的预测,2014年至2024年,该职业就业岗位将增加1%(全行业平均增幅为7%,整个艺体、设计及媒体行业的平均增幅为2%)。
该职业主要从事行业的预期增幅:
- 计算机相关设计行业有望在未来的10年内增长61%;
- 专业设计服务行业预计增长27%;
- 广告、公关及其相关行业可增长17%;
- 印刷业增长幅度较小,大约2%;
- 出版行业将降低(网络出版除外)4%。
未来行业领域发展可见,计算机技术在平面设计中的比重将越来越重要,也是平面设计师急需掌握的一门新技术。*(6)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 28,940 | 1.87 | 1.26 | $28.57 | $59,420 |
New York | 20,510 | 2.28 | 1.54 | $30.09 | $62,580 |
Florida | 12,110 | 1.53 | 1.03 | $22.00 | $45,760.00 |
Texas | 11,700 | 1.01 | 0.68 | $22.59 | $46,980 |
Illinois | 9,320 | 1.59 | 1.07 | $25.04 | $52,080.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 20,510 | 2.28 | 1.54 | $30.09 | $62,580 |
Minnesota | 5,690 | 2.05 | 1.38 | $25.06 | $52,120 |
District of Columbia | 1,320 | 1.96 | 1.32 | $35.98 | $74,840.00 |
Utah | 2,510 | 1.9 | 1.28 | $23.17 | $48,190 |
California | 28,940 | 1.87 | 1.26 | $28.57 | $59,420.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 17,880 | 2.76 | 1.86 | $31.96 | $66,480 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 10,010 | 2.44 | 1.64 | $28.21 | $58,670 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 6,560 | 1.84 | 1.24 | $25.87 | $53,820 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 4,970 | 2 | 1.35 | $25.72 | $53,500 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,500 | 1.86 | 1.25 | $31.98 | $66,530 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 4,360 | 2.32 | 1.56 | $26.93 | $56,010 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,300 | 2.17 | 1.46 | $26.49 | $55,100 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,270 | 3.2 | 2.16 | $37.01 | $76,980 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 3,140 | 2.04 | 1.38 | $29.12 | $60,580 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 3,070 | 1.05 | 0.71 | $22.35 | $46,480 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Boulder, CO | 660 | 3.87 | 2.61 | $28.34 | $58,940 |
San Rafael, CA Metropolitan Division | 410 | 3.65 | 2.46 | $29.18 | $60,700 |
Mankato-North Mankato, MN | 180 | 3.47 | 2.34 | $18.73 | $38,950 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,270 | 3.2 | 2.16 | $37.01 | $76,980 |
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI | 250 | 2.83 | 1.91 | $19.34 | $40,230 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 17,880 | 2.76 | 1.86 | $31.96 | $66,480 |
Pittsfield, MA | 110 | 2.73 | 1.84 | $20.81 | $43,280 |
Fargo, ND-MN | 370 | 2.73 | 1.84 | $18.94 | $39,390 |
Grants Pass, OR | 60 | 2.65 | 1.79 | $17.31 | $36,000 |
Provo-Orem, UT | 520 | 2.5 | 1.69 | $23.58 | $49,040 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州*(1)
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 25,880 | 1.81 | 1.23 | $27.40 | $56,990 |
New York | 18,010 | 2.11 | 1.43 | $28.43 | $59,140 |
Texas | 11,180 | 1.06 | 0.72 | $21.37 | $44,440 |
Florida | 10,920 | 1.5 | 1.02 | $20.78 | $43,220 |
Illinois | 10,480 | 1.86 | 1.26 | $23.57 | $49,030 |
产业最集中州*(1)
State | Employment | Employmentperthousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 18,010 | 2.11 | 1.43 | $28.43 | $59,140 |
Minnesota | 5,570 | 2.11 | 1.43 | $22.52 | $46,830 |
District of Columbia | 1,330 | 2.04 | 1.39 | $32.45 | $67,500 |
Illinois | 10,480 | 1.86 | 1.26 | $23.57 | $49,030 |
Utah | 2,200 | 1.83 | 1.25 | $20.30 | $42,220 |
注:Location quotient:产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
参考资料
(1) Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2012 27-1024 Graphic Designers U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Graphic Designers, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Graphic Designers, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Graphic Designers, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Graphic Designers, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Graphic Designers, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics